Dozens of police, rescuers, doctors and paramedics had reached the site of the accident, said Naveen Kumar, a state relief commissioner.
The injured had been moved to hospitals and government health centres in the area, he said.
The train was on its way to Dibrugarh, a town in northeastern Assam state, from the northern city of Chandigarh on Thursday when it derailed near the town of Gonda, causing six coaches to overturn, Kumar said.
Television images showed scores of passengers standing next to derailed coaches waiting for rescuers.
In June, a cargo train rammed into a passenger train in the eastern state of West Bengal, killing nine people and injuring dozens of others.
Investigators said the driver of the cargo train, who was among the dead, disregarded a signal and caused the collision.
In 2023, a train crash in eastern India killed more than 280 people in one of the country's deadliest accidents in decades.
More than 12 million people ride 14,000 trains across India daily, travelling on 64,000km of track.
Despite government efforts to improve rail safety, several hundred accidents happen annually, most blamed on human error or outdated signalling equipment.
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