Britain is seen as more vulnerable to surging oil prices from the war in the Middle East than other countries, and the inflation pick-up adds to the headache for finance minister John Healey, whose budget options are limited by the weak state of the public finances and rising borrowing costs.
Burnham said the acceleration in inflation to 3.1 per cent in August, a five-month high, was "a concern", but his government would take action to help people while also applying prudence to the running of the economy.
"We will take difficult decisions to make sure the economy remains on track," Burnham told reporters on Wednesday.
The underlying picture from the latest data was one of "resilience" in the economy, he said.
British government borrowing costs hit their highest levels in decades this week as bond yields climbed globally on the back of worries about higher inflation due to the escalating conflict in the Gulf.
On Tuesday, the 30-year gilt yield touched its highest level since 1998, while on Monday the 10-year yield rose to its highest since 2007.
Burnham's insistence that he is ready to make tough choices to balance the books comes after criticism from former Bank of England official Andy Haldane, reported to have been an adviser to Burnham in June before he became prime minister.
"The market now suspects that this is a traditional tax-and-spend socialist government with better TikTok videos," Haldane told LBC on Thursday.
Burnham rejected that characterisation.
"We are not that already. I have taken difficult decisions in this job," he said. "It's not the case that we aren't going to take difficult decisions."
