US Central Command said the strikes targeted Iranian military operation centres, maritime capabilities, aircraft hangars, drone storage facilities, and military logistics infrastructure.
The strikes, CENTCOM said, aimed to "further degrade" Iran's ability to threaten commercial shipping in the Strait of Hormuz.
CENTCOM said Iran has attacked more than 30 commercial vessels transiting the strait.
"The unwarranted attacks have endangered hundreds of innocent mariners and undermined freedom of navigation," it said.
Separately, the US military confirmed a third service member is believed to be dead in Friday's attack on a base in Jordan and identified them as Sergeant Angel S. Rampersad, 28, of Ozone Park, New York.
The confirmation brings the death toll to 18 US service members killed since the war began.
On Monday, the Pentagon identified 1st Lieutenant Tyler James Feehan, 25, of Ewa Beach, Hawaii, and Private Isabella Gonzales, 19, of Carrollton, Texas, as the two other soldiers who were killed in Jordan in Friday's attacks.
The soldiers were killed by Iranian ballistic missile and drone attacks in the first troop deaths from direct Iranian fire since the opening days of the war.
Before the latest barrage, Iranian Interior Minister Eskandar Momeni visited Pakistan, a key mediator in the conflict that is seeking to rejuvenate diplomacy, but it was unclear what new arrangement might be reached to end the war.
Speaking from the Oval Office, Trump gave a dim view on possible talks, saying the United States had "no interest in meeting".
Shipping through the Strait of Hormuz has largely stalled and as the fight for control over the key waterway intensifies, both sides have targeted civilian infrastructure in the region relied on by millions of people.
A barrage of US strikes has not compelled Iran to loosen its grip on the strait, through which about one-fifth of the world's crude oil and natural gas was shipped before the war.
In the Red Sea, Iran-aligned Houthi rebels have opened a new front against Saudi Arabia by declaring a naval blockade of the kingdom, threatening the flow of global oil supplies and trade.
With the Strait of Hormuz blocked up, Saudi Arabia has been relying on a pipeline to the Red Sea to get millions of barrels of oil out to market.
A news agency in Yemen that is run by the Houthi movement, SABA, said on Tuesday that six ships in the Red Sea were forced to reroute after they received warnings from the rebel group.
The claim could not be immediately verified.
Three Houthi officials who spoke on condition of anonymity said the group warned international shipping companies on Monday to avoid transiting in the Bab el-Mandeb Strait, the gateway to the Red Sea at the southern tip of the Arabian Peninsula.
Momeni met Pakistani army chief Field Marshal Asim Munir, according to two officials who spoke on condition of anonymity to discuss the closed-door negotiations.
Momeni later met Pakistani Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif.
In a statement, Sharif expressed deep concern over the recent escalation between the US and Iran and urged all sides to exercise restraint and avoid actions that could further destabilise the region.
Pakistan's political leadership and Munir played a key role in brokering last month's interim agreement between the United States and Iran.
Pakistani officials have been working to persuade both sides to return to the negotiating table to resolve outstanding issues under the June memorandum of understanding.
Trump told reporters that Iranian officials "want to desperately meet. And until they're ready to meet in a meaningful way, we have no interest in meeting".
He said the US would soon target the area near Pickaxe Mountain - a fortified underground site near one of Iran's primary nuclear enrichment facilities.
A deep level of mistrust persists on both sides.
with Reuters, PA and DPA
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