In a joint declaration issued after a session that included guest countries Kenya, Egypt, India, Brazil and South Korea, the G7 leaders affirmed their commitment to international co-operation on development while urging reforms and a greater emphasis on private investment.
They said traditional development policies had produced results, but had only "limited impact in reducing financial dependency on external assistance".
Public resources, curtailed sharply by the US and other advanced economies in recent years, would continue to play a key role, but were insufficient to meet global development needs, the leaders meeting in the French lakeside resort of Evian-les-Bains said.
"We will enhance efforts to address escalating global debt vulnerabilities that threaten economic stability and constrain fiscal space for essential public service interventions," the statement, backed by South Korea and Kenya, said.
The leaders also underscored the importance of progress toward a common approach to debt restructurings for vulnerable middle-income countries not eligible for the G20 Common Framework, set up during COVID to aid the poorest countries.
"Essentially what they're calling for is pre-emptive debt restructuring - dealing with debt before it becomes a crisis," said Eric LeCompte, executive director of Jubilee USA Network, a development group, welcoming the leaders' statement.
He said the focus on private sector investment was important, given the decline of public development funding.
OECD data showed official development assistance dropped by 23.1 per cent in real terms in 2025 to $US174.3 billion ($A246.6 billion), led by a nearly 57 per cent drop in aid by the US and smaller declines from Germany, France, Britain and Japan.
Kevin Gallagher, director of Boston University's Global Development Policy Center, noted that it was the G7's first official acknowledgement of debt concerns among poorer countries that were not eligible for the Common Framework.
He expressed surprise, however, that the declaration did not address the urgent, immediate needs of developing countries caused by the war in the Middle East.
"Countries outside of the G7, especially in Asia and Africa, that are net energy importers need immediate liquidity finance, immediate fiscal support for imports and fuel/fertiliser subsidies, and longer-run low-cost development finance to shift away from such vulnerable positions in the world economy," he said.
Development group Oxfam International criticised the G7 statement, and called on its leaders to increase their aid to the 0.7 per cent of gross national income previously promised.
"The G7 has made the biggest collective cut in life-saving aid in its history, a move that is already causing millions of people to die," said Joern Kalinski, the group's senior adviser on G7.
"Repurposing life-saving aid to provide multiple financial incentives for private investors rather than building public schools and hospitals is the wrong thing to do, and will make a bad situation far worse."
